Hydraulic control circuit and mechanism



Feb. 24, 1942-. L.. F. BURAN E-rAL 2,274,527

HYDRAULIC -coNTRoL CIRCUIT AND MEGHANISM Filed Aug'. 24, i940 f 4 sheets-sheet 1 46 ATTORNEJS.

` Feb. 24, 1942.

L. F. BURAN ETAL HYDRAULIC GONTROLCIRGUIT AND/ MEGHANISM 4 sheets-sheet 2 Filed Aug. 24, 1940 Feb.24,1942. L F, BURAN E'T'AL 2,274,527

HYDRAULIC CONTROL CIRCUIT AND MECHANISM BY M AT ORA/Eye.

Feb. 24', 1942. F, BURAN ErAL y 2,274,527 A HYDRAULIC CONTROL CIRCUIT AND MECHANIsM Filed Aug. 24. 194C 4 sheets-sheet 4 6.5' ll-,lll

5" 5 if A A 4' 2:.. Afm.. Qf @I E1.

l 5'6" INVENroRf.

' l ORNE K9- Patented Feb. 24, 1942 HYDRAULICCONTROL CIRCUIT AND MECHANISM Louis F. Buran and George D. Shaeier, Detroit, Mich., assignors to Gar Wood Industries, Inc.,

Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Michigan Application August 24, 1940, Serial No. 354,020

Claims.

. This invention relatesto improvements in fluid control devices and particularly to improvements in fluid control devices for controlling and operating an `earth working machine drawn by a tractor. r Y

The main object of this invention is to provide a fluid control system which is simple to construct,"` easy to adjust, and economical to manufacture.

Other objects ofthis inventio'n are to provide a fluid reversing valve mounted on a tractor, or like pulling means, which is connected to an earth working machine by means of a pair of' flexible hose lines and a Bowden ,wire which take the place of four, six, or more, hose lines previously used for transporting the fluid from its reservoir to a hydraulic mechanism on the earth working machine; ,to provide an improved construction of the type mentioned in which the fluid is returned to the reversing valve under pressure, thereby providing efficient operation; to provide a fluid reversing valve lmounted on a tractor, or the like, which has a simple valve system for determining the direction of flow through the hose lines; to provide a fluid distributing valve mounted on the earth working machine comprising a valve system for operating an hydraulic mechanism; to provide a Bowden wire connection which shifts positions of a longitudinally extending plunger valve inserted in a distribution bore of the unit on the earth vvork.f

ing machine so; as to determine through which set of valves and to what hydraulic mechanism the uid will travel; to provide valve chambers in the iiuid distributing valve of the earth working machine through which :the fluid must pass in order to reachthe destination of the hydraulic mechanism, each valve chamber being provided with a spool valve and a check valve for operating and controlling the flow of the fluid.

Other objects and advantages of this invention will become more apparent after the following detailed description, reference being hadto the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a side elevational view of a tractor and earth working machine having the control means of the present invention associated therewith.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the fluid reversing valve mounted on the tractor, certain conduits being shown in side elevation.

Fig. 3 is anv enlarged horizontal sectional view of the distributing valve secured to the earth working machine, certain parts being shown in side elevation. Y

Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional view of the distributing valve shown in Fig. 3, the position of parts being shown when a fluid is entered through the hose line on the right side of the fluid control valve and passed through the upper section of the valve and then out through the hose line on the left side.

Fig. 5 .is a horizontal sectional View of the distributing Valve of the earth working machine, the position of parts being shown when the fluid is entered on the left side through the hose line and passed through the upper section of the valve and then out through the hose line on the right side.

Fig. 6 is a horizontal sectional View of the distributing valve of the earth working machine, the position of parts being shown when the fluid has entered the hose line on the right side and passed through the lower valve and out through the Valve on the left side. ,f

Fig. 7 is a horizontal sectional View showing the distributing valve of the earth working machine positioned for operating the gate.

Fig. 8 is a vertical, longitudinal, sectional view taken along the line 8-8 of Fig. 7 showing the connection,for the gate mechanism.

Fig. 9 is a top plan view of the distributing valve and its associated conduits.

A tractor generally designated at I0 has the usual fluid control system mounted at its rear end comprising a pump II, reservoir I3, a power take ofi I4, and the other essential parts not shown herein in detail which comprise the fluid control system used on present day tractors. An earth working machine generally designated as I5 is secured to the tractor I0 by means of a draw bar vI6 which is attached to the tractor with a draw barattachment I'I and to the earth working machine I5 at the front axle I8.

The earth working machine I5 here illustrated is an hydraulically operated scraper and comprises a bowl I9 having a scraper blade 2U positioned along the forward edge, a gate between side wings 2| secured to beams 22 extending from the rear wheel 23 to the forward portion of the gate at bot-h sides thereof. The bowl I9 is operated by means of hydraulic jacks 24, each of which has a piston rod 25 pivotally secured to the bowl, which has a piston rod 25 pivotally connected to a bracket 26, which is secured to the upper edge of bowl I9. The gate is operated by means of an hydraulic jack 28 pivotally mounted at 29 to a forward extension 30 which is rigidly connected to beams 22 by a cross member. The piston rod 3I\ of the jack 28 is pivotally connected at 32 to abracket 33 of the crank lever 34 which has one end of the arm pivotally conl nected to the gate by a link and the other end of the arm pivotally connected to the extension 30.. The entire structure can then be raised or lowered by means of an hydraulic mechanism 35 which is pivotaLy, mounted on a cross pin 36 which extends through a fitting welded into the lower end of thepost 31. The piston rod 38 of the jack 35 is pivotally secured to the forward extension 36. Springs 4I embrace telescopic members and are disposed at each side of the forward extension 30. d,

The scraper so far described is illustrated in greater detail in the application of Jack B. Haile, Serial No. 224,131, filed August 10, 1938, now Patent No. 2,256,051; and reference may be had `to this application for a detailed description of the scraper here illustrated.

A fluid distributing valve, according to the present invention, -is generally indicated at 42 and is mounted on the forward extension 30. It has conduits 43 extending rearwardly and ecnnected to opposite ends of hydraulic cylinder 24, conduits 44 connecting it with opposite ends of hydraulic' cylinder 35 and conduits 45 connecting it with opposite ends of hydraulic cylinder 28. The conduits 43 and 44 extend from the sides of the distributing valve 42 while the conduits 45 extend from the top of the valve 42.

Also extending from the distributing valve 42 are conduits 46 and 41 which lead to and communicate with the reversing valve 4D located on the tractor. The conduits 46 and 41 have rigid pipe sections 46 and 41' of equal length interposedbetween the ends thereof which are rigidly attached to the extension 30. Flexible portions of the conduits connect the sections 46 and 41 with the valve 42 and with the elements on the tractor. Without such fixed sections 46 and 41', a movable element, on the valve 42, to which conduits46 and 41 are connected might be moved 48, through an opening in valve casing 49 and.4

tions 48'; 50', and 52', each provided with spaced openings 50 therearound. An annular inlet chamber surrounds reduced portions 48', and annular chambers 54 and 55 surround reduced portions 52'-, respectively, when the valve is in its neutral position. f

Whenthe plunger 49 is`ln ts neutral or central position, as shown in Fig. 2, the oil is introduced into the.casing 49' through conduit 48 from the pump and enters the annular chamber surrounding reduced portion l48. The uid then passes through the adjacent openings 50 into the interior of the hollow plunger and passes outwardly through the openings 50 into the chambers 54 and surrounding the reduced portions 52 and 50', respectively. Openings are provided in the casing which communicate thev chambers 54 and 55 with a longitudinally extending channel 56, which communicates through an opening 51 exteriorly of the casing. The oil thus flows through the opening 51 back into the reservoir, so that when the valve is in the neutral position shown, the fluid flows freely through the valve while the pump is being operated.

Annular chambers 56' and 51' are formed in casing 49' through openings 56" and 51", re-` spectively. The conduits 46 and 41 communicate through openings in the casing 49 with chambers 56 and 51', respectively.

The valve plunger 49 is adapted to be slid longitudinally of the bore in order to communicate the reduced portion 52' with chamber 51',

when it is slid to the'left viewing Fig. 2; and t0 communicate reduced portion 50' with chamber 56' when the valve plunger is slid to the right viewing Fig. 2. l

In order to shift the plunger 49 from its neutral position to the positions at the right or left, as mentioned above, a handle 58 is provided which is pivotally.y mounted on a bracket 59 formed integral with the valve casing. The pivotal connection for the handle is intermediate its ends and the lower end of the handle is provided with an elongated slot through which a pin 60 passes. The pin 60 is rigidly connected to a projection 64 which, in turn, is connected to the valve plunger 49, so that when the handle 58 is moved about its pivot, the plunger 49 is correspondingly shifted within the bore.

When the plunger 49 is moved to the left, viewed in Fig. 2, oil passes into the valve housing through conduit 4B, through openings 56 adjacent the reduced portion 48', and then passes out through opening 50 adjacent reduced portion 52 into annular chamber 51 and into conduit 41. The fluid then passes to the distribution valve 42 and is distributed in a manner that will be described in detail hereinafter, The fluid returns through conduit 46; and as the valve 49 is shifted toward vtheileit', the opening 56" is uncovered so that the fluid may flow out of chamber 56 through the annular opening 56" and out through the open end of the bore.

When the valve is shifted to the right, viewing Fig. 2, the action is the reverse of that described above, namely, the uid ows into chamber 56' and out through conduit 46. The return is through conduit 41 into chamber 51', out through annular opening 51, through that open end of the bore which has been uncovered when the Valve is shifted to the right.

' Referring to Figs. 3 through '1, the distributing valve 42 is illustrated in detail. Such valve 42 comprises a casting 66 formed with a central,

longitudinally disposed bore therein. A dis-4 the right end of the plunger 61 (viewing Fig. 3)

conduit 46 communicates 'with conduit' 66 through an elbow 10 which is secured to the end of theplunger. The conduit 61 communicates with conduit 41 through a T-joint 1| which is xedly secured to the left end,l of plunger 61 (viewing Fig. 3).

A plug 12 is fixed into the end of the joint 1|, and a Bowden wireA is xedly secured to the plug 12. They Bowden Wire. is supported by means of a bracket 13 mounted to the forward extension 3l). The forward end of the Bowden wire A-is secured to a handle 14 (Figs. l and 2) which is used for Acontrolling and mov-ing the Bowden wire to' thereby shift the plunger 81. Such handle 14 has a depending yoke portion 14 which is pivotally attached to lever 58 by 'a pin,

16' on a pivot axis transverse to the pivot axis of the member 58. Itwill thus be seen that by ythe single handle, the plungers 49 and 61 may be shifted independently of each other ortogether.

The plunger 81 is normally urged to its central position by means, of compression springs which embrace the plunger at opposite ends thereof. The casting has aligned housings 18 forming extensions iixed thereto which embrace the plunger and the springs, such extensions being provided with seals having washers 16 associated therewith adjacent the open ends thereof. The outer ends of the springs abut against the washers 18 and the inner ends abut against washers 11, which in turn bear against shoulder 11' formed on plunger 61. Such washers 11 are of greater diameter than that of the bore 85 so that'the casting 88 `around the bore limits movement of' washers 11 inwardly. The lextensions 'I8 are formed with internal shoulders 80 which limit the outward movement of washers 11, and therefore outward movement of plunger 61, in both of the conduits 44 leading to the top. end of cylinder 35. l

The end |0| of the spool valve .buts against valve 99, and a compression spring |02 which bears against the left (viewing Fig. 3) plug 91 and against the valve 99 urges the valve and spool valve` toward the right. Another compression spring 95 abuts against the right plug 91, embraces portion 94 of the spool valve and abuts against the adjacent portion 98 to urge the spool valve to the left. f

Another annular chamber 08 is provided in the casting and communicates with the interior of the housing 9| through openings |01. Other openings |08 and |09 are provided in the housing 9| for communicating the interior of the housing with chambers 81 and 88, respectively. Chamber |08 communicates with conduit 44 leading to the upper end of hydraulic mechanism 35 for lowering the master jack.

A similar construction is provided on the opposite side of plunger 81 for communicating the chambers 89 and 90 with their respective conduits 43 which lead to the bowl operating mechdirections of its movement. With this arrangement at both ends, theplunger 81 is limited in its movement and the .operator of the tractor I0 can readily operate the handle 14 to move the wire A and shift the plunger 81 to its proper positions within" the valve housing.

The spring at one end is compressed when the plunger is moved, and when the driver releases the handle 14, the plunger is .returned to its normal position due to the action of the'compressed spring thereagainst.

The plunger 61 is provided with spaced reduced diameterl portions or sections 83 and 84 having apertures 85 therearound communicating with passages 81' and 68', respectively, for distributing fluid into and through the valve. Distribution chambers are provided in the casting 68 which lead to the different conduits for the different operating mechanisms. The sections 83 and 84 are so spaced that they coincide with any pairs of these chambers to which they are shifted. One pair of chambers 85' and 86 lead to the conduits 45 for operating the gate 2|; another pair of chambers 81 and 88 lead to the conduits 44 for operatingthe master jacl: 35; and a third pair of chambers 89 and 90 lead to the conduits 43 for operating the 'jacks 24 which operates the bowl I9.

Chambers 81 and 88 extend above the plunger 61 and communicate with a bore 9|' which is parallel to bore 65, through apertures |08 and |09, respectively, in a casing means 9| which is fixed in bore 9|'. `A spool valve 93, having encl projections 94 and |0|, is slidably disposed within casing 9|. The ends' of casing 9| are closed f by plugs 91 having inwardly disposed axial'recesses 91 formed therein. A check valve 99 is |02. The chamber |05 4gcommunicates with one anism. Similar reference numerals are used on corresponding elements for the purpose of clar-l ity, and it will be understood that the elements operate in the same manner as those described above.

When itis desired to raise or lower the master jack 35, the plunger 81 is held in position through the action of springs 15, so that the sections 83 and 84 are in registry with the chamybers 81 and 88 as shown in Fig. yIl. The handle 'I4 is also operated to shift lever 58 to thereby shift plunger 49 to introduce fluid to conduits 48 or 41. To lower the Jack, the plunger 49 is shifted to introduce fluid into conduit 48. The fluid then enters conduit 86 of plunger 81, passes out through openings 85 o f section 84 and into chamber 88, as shown in Fig. 4. From the chamber 88 the fluid passes through the passageways |09 to the right of spool portion 98. The fluid is under pressure, which is greater than that exerted by spring |02, and thereby shifts the spool valve to the left, as shown in Fig. 4. Such fluid `then passes through apertures |01 into chamber |08, and thence the upper end of the Jack 35.` The return fluid passes through openings I 04 and past the conical seat which has been uncovered by movement of valve 99 to the left, by the action of spool valve portion |0| thereagainst, then through openings |06 into chamber 81, through openings 85 in section 83, into conduit 81 and returns through conduit 41 to valve 40.

In order to raise the master jack 35, the rethefluid passes into..conduit 61' of plunger 81, as shown in Fig. 5. The' uid then passes through openings 85 of section 83 into chamber 81, and through openings |08 into casing 9|. Such iluid'is under pressure and overcomes the resistance of springs 9,5 and |02 to shift the spool valve 93 to the right and shift thelvalve 99 to the left. The latter uncovers the conical valve seat, so that the fluid passes into chamber |05 Ind thencev through the conduit 44 which leads ofthe lower end of the :lack 35. The i'luid from the Jack returns through the other conduit 44 into chamber |08, through openings |01, and into `ghamber 88. The `fluid then passes through openings 85 in section 84, into conduit 68', and

returns tothe valve 40 through conduit 48.

'To raise `or lower the bowl |9, the Bowden wire A 4is sh-ifted by means ol handle 14 to shift the plunger 69 to the position shown in Fig. 6.

,The sections 83 and 84 are then in registry with chambers 89 and 96. To raise the'bowl, the plunger 49 of valve 40 is shifted so that the fluid enters chamber 90 through conduit 66',

' thereby shifting the lower spool valve (referring said diverting valve and said distributing valve. 3. A tractor anda vehicle having fluid operated mechanisms thereon attached thereto, two conductor lines providing a fluid circuit between said tractor and said vehicle, a fluid distributing valve in said circuit and located on said vehicle, a fluid diverting valve in said circuit and located on said tractor for controlling the direction of fluid travel in said circuit, a pump for supplying e fluid under pressure to said diverting valve and valve and safety valve is similar to that shown in Fig. 5, and the flow will be obvious from the above description.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 8, when it is desired to operate the gate 2l, the plunger 61 is shifted through the Bowden wire A so that the sections 83 and 84 are in registry with chambers 85 and 86. respectively with chambers H0 and III with which the conduits 45 are respectively in communication.

The use of the spool valve and check valve, as used in operating the master jack and bowl jack 24, is not necessary for operating the gate jack 28, but such means could be incorporated in the valve if desired.

In order to raise the gate, the reversing valve 4B is shifted so that the fluid is introduced into conduit 41, into conduit 61', through openings Such chambers 85 and 86 communicatev means for operating both said diverting valve and said distributing valve, said last named means A including manual means operable from the 85 of section 83, and into chamber 85. The fluid i then passes into chamber H0 and through conduit leading to the lower end of cylinder 28. The return is through the other conduit 45, into chambers III and 86, through openings in section 84, through conduit 66', and back to the valve 40 through conduit 46.

In order to lower the gate, the valve plunger 43 is reversed so that the fluid enters the distribution chamber 42 through conduit 66" and returns through conduit 61.

From the above description, it will be evident that the present invention provides a structure in which, by the operation of a single lever located onthe tractor, a plurality of hydraulic mechanisms located on another vehicle, such as a scraper, may be operated to produce a number of different functions.

Formal changes may be made in ,the specific embodiment of the invention described without departing from the s pirit of the invention, the

scope of which is commensurate with the appended claims.

What is claimed is: y 1. A tractor and vehicle having fluid operate i mechanisms thereon attached thereto, a fluid tractor. A 5. A tractor and a vehicle having fluid operated mechanisms thereon attached. thereto, a

,uld distributing valve on said vehicle connected to said fluid operated mechanisms, two conductor lines providing a fluid circuit connected to said distributing valve, a pump connected to said circuit for supplying fluid under pressure thereto, a diverting valve located on said tractor and connected to both of'said conductors for controlling the direction of fluid travel in said circuit, said fluid operated mechanism valves and conductors being so arranged as to constitute a fluid filled circuit whereby fluid introduced into one of said conductorsy displaces a substantially equal volume of fluid through the other of said conductors, and means for operating both said diverting valve and said distributing valve.

6. A tractor and a vehicle having fluid operated mechanisms thereon attached thereto, a fluid distributing valve on said vehicle connected to said fluid operated mechanisms, two conductor lines providing a fluidcircuit connected to said distributing valve, a pump connected to said circuit for supplying fluid under pressure thereto, a diverting valve located on said tractor and connected to both of said conductors for controlling the direction of fluid travel in said circuit, said fluid operated mechanism valves and conductors being so arranged as to constitute a fluid filled circuit whereby fluid introduced into one of said conductors displaces a substantially equal volume of fluid through the other ofv said conductors, and means operable from a single operator's position for controlling both of said valves.

7. A tractor and vehicle having fluid operated mechanisms thereon attached thereto, a fluid diverting valve on said tractor, a fluid distributpressure to said diverting valve, and means for operating both said diverting valve and said distributing valve, said last named means includingI a single manual control means for independently operating said valves.

9, A tractor and vehicle having fluid operated mechanisms thereon attached thereto, a fluid diverting valve on said tractor, a fluid distributing valve on said vehicle, a uid conductor connecting said valves, a pump for supplying -liuid under pressure to said diverting valve, and

means for operating both said' diverting valve and said distributing valve, said last namedl means including a control lever rockable in two directions, the rocking movement in one direction controlling o e valve and -a rocking movement in YEn .with an axially movable core and in which said operating means includes a flexible member andl a manual control means located on said tractor,

another dire tion controlling the other of saidA valves.

f 1c. A tractor and vehicle having fluid operated mechanisms thereon attached thereto, a fluid diverting valve on said tractor, a fluid distributing valve on said vehicle, a fluid conductor connecting said valves, a pump for supplying lluid under pressure to said diverting valve, and means for operating both said diverting valveand said distributing valve, said last named means-inoluding a control lever having a plurality of movements, one of said movements controlling one of said valves, and another of said movements controlling the other of said valves.

11. In an organization as defined in claim 1,

Asaid fluid distributing valve characterized by having the conductor lines connected to and com# municating with a movable valve c ore. f

12. In an organization as defined in claim 1, said fluid distributing valve characterized by said flexible member having one end connected to said core and the other end thereof connected to said manual control means.

15. A tractor and a vehicle-having fluid operated mechanisms thereon attached thereto, each of said mechanisms-having two movements thereof, one the reverse of the other, a distributv ing valve connected to said uid operated mecha` nisms, said valve being located on said vehicle, a remote control operable from said tractor for positioning said distributing valve, conductors formingV a Huid circuit connected to said distributing valve, a diverting valve connected to said conductors for controlling the'direction of/ fluid travel in said circuit, said diverting valve being located on said tractor and a pump for sup plying fluid under pressure to said circuit.

Louis F. Bumm.

GEORGE D. sHAEFFER. 

